Hamlet Opinion free essay sample

The legal definitions of murder and manslaughter along with the events of the play show Hamlets true criminal culpability. The United States Code Title Eighteen defines murder as the intentional, premeditated, unlawful killing of another human being. This definition shows that Hamlet cannot be found guilty of murder. The killing of Polonium was In no way premeditated. Throughout the play Hamlet never expresses any thought or sign of wanting to kill Polonium; In fact Hamlets attitude toward Polonium shows that he views Polonium as a fool not worth his time.Act Two Scene Two demonstrates this attitude when Hamlet calls Polonium a great baby and treats him as a child. Another point depicting Hamlets lack of premeditation is in the events right before and after Poloniums death. The death takes place in the Queens closet as Hamlet speaks with his mother. Hamlet believes the two of them to be alone, and so he is very startled when he hears a cry from behind the arras. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Opinion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After running his sword through the arras Hamlet exclaims in reply to his mothers question, what hast thou done? Nay, I know not. Is it the King? This shows that Hamlet himself was not sure as to what had happened because it happened so quickly and unexpectedly. Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being without malice and a homicide which occurs without an intent to kill. Further subtopics define voluntary manslaughter as acting on an Impulse as with a sudden quarrel and In the heat of passion. This definition clearly describes Hamlets emotional and mental state during his talk with the Queen and during the death of Polonium.Hamlet is a very emotional character who is very upset about the murder of his father and the hasty remarriage of his mother. He brings all of this built up anger, confusion, and hurt to the discussion with the Queen. Just as Hamlet is on the verge of opening up all of these emotions to his mother Polonium makes a noise and In the heat of passion Is killed. The final distinction between murder and manslaughter is the presence of malice in the killing. If the act was committed without malice it is considered manslaughter as opposed to murder.Malice is evil design or a corrupt and wicked notion against someone and feeling a need to see others suffer. As Hamlet plans to avenge his fathers death he could have and should have felt some malice toward his Fathers murderer, the King; however he does not express any of these sentiments. Rather he anything, Ill have these players play something like the murder of my father before mine uncle. Ill observe his looks If he but blench I know my course. This demonstrates Hamlets desire for Justice, not a need to see others suffer. The differing definitions of murder and manslaughter are proof of Hamlets true culpability. While he should be held responsible for the death of Polonium, he should not be punished for murder; rather he is punishable for manslaughter, the accidental homicide. Hamlets lack of premeditation, malice, and intent to kill Polonium show his good character and temperament. He is not a common criminal; his thoughtful nature and desire for Justice illustrate a deeper Judgment that if possessed by more would benefit the world around us.

The Role of Zoos in Endangered Species Conservation

The Role of Zoos in Endangered Species Conservation The worlds best zoos offer face-to-face encounters with some of the most fascinating and rare creatures on the planet- an experience that few people would ever be able to pursue in the wild. Unlike the cramped cages that housed wild animals in sideshow spectacles of the past, the modern zoo has elevated habitat emulation to an art, carefully recreating natural environments and offering inhabitants challenging activities to reduce boredom and stress. The evolution of zoos has also included programs dedicated to protecting endangered species, both in captivity and in the wild. Zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) participate in Species Survival Plan Programs that involve captive breeding, reintroduction programs, public education, and field conservation to ensure survival for many of the planets threatened and endangered species. Conservation Breeding AZA conservation breeding programs (also known as captive breeding programs) are designed to augment populations of endangered species and avoid extinction via regulated breeding in zoos and other approved facilities. One of the primary challenges facing captive breeding programs is maintaining genetic diversity. If the population of a captive breeding program is too small, inbreeding may result, leading to health problems that can have a negative impact on the species survival. For this reason, breeding is carefully managed to ensure as much genetic variation as possible. Fast Facts: Six Species Saved From Extinction by Zoos Arabian Oryx: Hunted to extinction in the wild, the Arabian Oryx  was revitalized thanks to conservation efforts of Phoenix Zoo  and others. As of 2017, 1,000 animals had been restored to the wild, while thousands more were living in zoo environments.Przewalski’s Horse: The only truly wild species left in the world, Przewalski’s Horse is native to the grasslands of Central Asia. After being declared completely extinct in the wild, it’s made an amazing comeback.California Condor: Not all that long ago, there were only 27 of these magnificent birds left. Thanks to conservation efforts from the San Diego Wild Animal Park and the Los Angeles Zoo, hundreds of California Condors have been reintroduced into the wild.Bongo: The  Eastern Bongo, a large antelope native to a remote region of Kenya was one of the last large mammal species to be discovered but poaching and loss of habitat nearly wiped them out.  Zoos worldwide are  to working to establish a stable p opulation to ensure their survival.Panamanian Golden Frog:  Beautiful but extremely poisonous, the entire species succumbed to the effects of a devastating fungal disease in the wild. Since 2007, existing captive populations abetted by collaborative conservation efforts by a number of zoos have staved off their extinction.Golden Lion Tamarin: Close to extinction due to loss of habitat from logging and mining, as well as poaching in its native Brazil, there has been a steady effort since the 1980s to ensure this species doesn’t vanish from the face of the Earth. Currently, about one-third of wild Golden Lion Tamarins come from breeding programs.Source: Taronga Conservation Society Australia Reintroduction Programs The goal of reintroduction programs is to release animals that have been raised or rehabilitated in zoos back into their natural habitats. AZA describes these programs as powerful tools used for stabilizing, re-establishing, or increasing in situ animal populations that have suffered significant declines. In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the IUCN Species Survival Commission, AZA-accredited institutions have established reintroduction programs for endangered animals such as the black-footed ferret, California condor, freshwater mussel, and Oregon spotted frog. Public Education Zoos educate millions of visitors each year about endangered species and related conservation issues. Over the past 10 years, AZA-accredited institutions have also trained more than 400,000 teachers with award-winning science curricula. A nationwide study including more than 5,500 visitors from 12 AZA-accredited institutions found that visits to zoos and aquariums prompt individuals to reconsider their role in environmental problems and see themselves as part of the solution. Field Conservation Field conservation focuses on the long-term survival of species in natural ecosystems and habitats. Zoos participate in conservation projects that support studies of populations in the wild, species recovery efforts, veterinary care for wildlife disease issues, and conservation awareness. AZA sponsors a landing page on the National Geographic Societys Global Action Atlas, featuring worldwide conservation projects associated with participating zoos. Success Stories Today, 31 animal species classified as Extinct in the Wild are being bred in captivity. Reintroduction efforts are underway for six of these species, including the Hawaiian crow. According to the IUCN, conservation breeding and reintroduction have helped prevent the extinction of six out of 16 critically endangered bird species and nine out of 13 mammal species, including species previously classified as Extinct in the Wild. The Future of Zoos and Captive Breeding A study recently published in the journal Science supports the establishment of specialized zoos and a network of captive breeding programs that target species facing an acute risk of extinction. According to the study, Specialization generally increases breeding success. The animals can be parked at these zoos until they have a chance of survival in the natural environment and can then be returned to the wild. Endangered species breeding programs will also help scientists better understand population dynamics critical to the management of animals in the wild.